Sources
Every factual claim in Skinformed maps to at least one entry below. That's enforced by an automated check before anything ships. Links go straight to the original document. If a source moves or dies, the build fails until we fix it.
Clinical guidelines · 2
Regulators · 4
- 21 CFR § 333.310 — Topical acne drug products for over-the-counter human use: active ingredientsU.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2024 ↗
- Differin (adapalene) gel 0.1% — OTC Drug Facts labelU.S. Food and Drug Administration / NIH DailyMed · 2022 ↗
- Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin from the SunU.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2026 ↗
- Sunscreen Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use (Proposed Rule)U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2019 ↗
Medical organizations · 19
- Adapalene: MedlinePlus Drug InformationNational Library of Medicine (MedlinePlus) · 2023 ↗
- Teen Acne: How to Treat & Prevent This Common Skin ConditionAmerican Academy of Pediatrics · 2025 ↗
- 9 things to try when acne won't clearAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- Isotretinoin: OverviewAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- 10 skin care habits that can worsen acneAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- Face washing 101American Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- Acne: Tips for managingAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- Sunscreen FAQsAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- How to control oily skinAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- Moisturizer: Why you may need it if you have acneAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- 5 ways to use petroleum jelly for skin careAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- How to pick the right moisturizer for your skinAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- A dermatologist's guide to skincare from growing up to glowing upAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2025 ↗
- Ultraviolet radiation: a hazard to children and adolescentsAmerican Academy of Pediatrics · 2011 ↗
- How to safely exfoliate at homeAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- How do I know if I'm using the right sunscreen?American Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- Dangers of indoor tanningAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- Whole body cryotherapy can be hazardous to your skinAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
- How to prevent rosacea flare-upsAmerican Academy of Dermatology · 2026 ↗
Peer-reviewed research · 51
- Comparing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% benzoyl peroxide on inflammatory acne vulgarisInternational Journal of Dermatology · 1986 ↗
- Over-the-counter Acne Treatments: A ReviewJournal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology · 2012 ↗
- A Comprehensive Review of Azelaic Acid Pharmacological Properties, Clinical Applications, and Innovative Topical FormulationsPharmaceuticals (Basel) · 2025 ↗
- Recent Advances Regarding the Therapeutic Potential of AdapalenePharmaceuticals (Basel) · 2020 ↗
- Pediatric Skin Care Regimens on TikTokPediatrics (American Academy of Pediatrics) · 2025 ↗
- Moisturizers for Acne: What are their Constituents?Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology · 2014 ↗
- Niacinamide — mechanisms of action and its topical use in dermatologySkin Pharmacology and Physiology · 2014 ↗
- The structure, function, and importance of ceramides in skin and their use as therapeutic agents in skin-care productsJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2014 ↗
- Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin agingDermato-Endocrinology · 2012 ↗
- Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical ApplicationsJournal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology · 2017 ↗
- Oral and topical peptides for skin aging: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsFrontiers in Medicine · 2026 ↗
- Beef Tallow-Based Skincare Claims in Social Media: A Cross-Sectional AnalysisJournal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2025 ↗
- Snails and Skin: A Systematic Review on the Effects of Snail-based Products on Skin HealthJournal of Integrative Dermatology · 2023 ↗
- Phytophotodermatitis from making sangria: a phototoxic reaction to lime and lemon juiceCanadian Medical Association Journal · 2015 ↗
- North American Contact Dermatitis Group Patch Test Results: 2019–2020Dermatitis (American Contact Dermatitis Society) · 2023 ↗
- Prescription Ingredients in Skin-Lightening Products Found Over-the-Counter Post-Hydroquinone BanJournal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2025 ↗
- The effects of topically applied glycolic acid and salicylic acid on ultraviolet radiation-induced erythema, DNA damage and sunburn cell formation in human skinJournal of Dermatological Science · 2009 ↗
- Resolution of microneedling-associated granulomatous dermatitis with oral methotrexateJAAD Case Reports · 2021 ↗
- Skin Surface pH in Acne Vulgaris: Insights from an Observational Study and Review of the LiteratureJournal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology · 2017 ↗
- AdapaleneStatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf, National Library of Medicine) · 2024 ↗
- Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Acne: Epidemiological Trends and Clinical Practice ConsiderationsYale Journal of Biology and Medicine · 2022 ↗
- Dual Effects of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids on the SkinMolecules · 2018 ↗
- A polyhydroxy acid skin care regimen provides antiaging effects comparable to an alpha-hydroxyacid regimenCutis · 2004 ↗
- Narrative Review of the Use of Hydrocolloids in Dermatology: Applications and BenefitsJournal of Clinical Medicine · 2025 ↗
- Comprehensive assessment of the efficacy and safety of a clay mask in oily and acne skinSkin Research and Technology · 2023 ↗
- Blue-Light Therapy for Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisAnnals of Family Medicine · 2019 ↗
- Unveiling the Ability of Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana L.) Bark Extract to Impair Keratinocyte Inflammatory Cascade Typical of Atopic EczemaInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2022 ↗
- Pharmacological Effects of Centella asiatica on Skin Diseases: Evidence and Possible MechanismsEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · 2021 ↗
- Aloe vera: a systematic review of its clinical effectivenessBritish Journal of General Practice · 1999 ↗
- A comparative study of tea-tree oil versus benzoylperoxide in the treatment of acneMedical Journal of Australia · 1990 ↗
- The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled studyIndian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology · 2007 ↗
- Tea tree oil: a systematic review of randomized clinical trialsForschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde · 2000 ↗
- Tea tree oil: contact allergy and chemical compositionContact Dermatitis · 2016 ↗
- Tolerability of Topical Retinoids: Are There Clinically Meaningful Differences Among Topical Retinoids?Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery · 2015 ↗
- Clinical evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of a topical medical device containing benzoylperoxide 4%, retinol 0.5%, mandelic acid 1% and lactobionic acid 1% in the treatment of mild facial acneClinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · 2019 ↗
- Comparative Study of 35% Glycolic Acid, 20% Salicylic-10% Mandelic Acid, and Phytic Acid Combination Peels in the Treatment of Active Acne and Postacne PigmentationJournal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery · 2019 ↗
- Prospective, randomized, double-blind assessment of topical bakuchiol and retinol for facial photoageingBritish Journal of Dermatology · 2019 ↗
- The Use of Bakuchiol in Dermatology: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo EvidenceJournal of Drugs in Dermatology · 2022 ↗
- A Clinician's Guide to Topical RetinoidsJournal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery · 2022 ↗
- The Clinical Effects of Zinc as a Topical or Oral Agent on the Clinical Response and Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Acne: A Systematic Review of the LiteratureJournal of Drugs in Dermatology · 2013 ↗
- Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Nutraceuticals for Treating Acne: A Systematic ReviewJAMA Dermatology · 2023 ↗
- Biological and Pharmacological Activities of Squalene and Related Compounds: Potential Uses in Cosmetic DermatologyMolecules · 2009 ↗
- Squalane as a Promising Agent Protecting UV-Induced Inhibition of Collagen Biosynthesis and Wound Healing in Human Dermal FibroblastMolecules · 2025 ↗
- Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant OilsInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2018 ↗
- Cleansers and their role in various dermatological disordersIndian Journal of Dermatology · 2011 ↗
- Cosmetic uses of activated charcoalInternational Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · 2021 ↗
- Comparative Effects of Facial Roller and Gua Sha Massage on Facial Contour, Muscle Tone, and Skin Elasticity: Randomized Controlled TrialJournal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2025 ↗
- Gua-sha, Jade Roller, and Facial Massage: Are there benefits within dermatology?Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2023 ↗
- CryotherapyStatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf, National Library of Medicine) · 2026 ↗
- Effects of Collagen Supplements on Skin Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsThe American Journal of Medicine · 2025 ↗
- Effects of Oral Collagen for Skin Anti-Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisNutrients · 2023 ↗